Naturalization: becoming a Japanese citizen

Under the Nationality Act, you generally need to be an adult, to have lived in Japan continuously for about five years, to have good conduct, to be able to support yourself or your family, and to be willing to give up your other nationality. Spouses of Japanese citizens and some other applicants face shorter requirements.

Reports in 2026 indicate that officials were taking a tougher approach to residence and tax compliance, and the details are under review. Check the bureau where you will apply for the current expectation.

You first consult the Legal Affairs Bureau in your area and then submit a large set of documents, including records from your home country, tax and pension records, your employment and family history and a statement of your motive. The bureau interviews you and may visit your home. It takes about a year, sometimes longer.

There is no application fee, but you pay for translations and certified documents. After approval, you are listed in the official gazette, register your new status at the city office and give up your other nationality in line with its rules.

You need enough Japanese to live normally, which is often described as about elementary school level. You may be asked to read and write simple passages at the interview. There is no fixed test score.

Japan generally asks adults to renounce other nationalities. Some countries do not let you renounce, which complicates things, and you should check your home country’s rules before you apply. Think about how losing your first nationality affects family, property and travel.