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Kumiko Grid

組子格子

A simple square grid pattern, the foundation for all kumiko work and an excellent introduction to lattice joinery.

Assembly insights

The basic kumiko grid teaches precision cutting and assembly at small scales. Each intersection requires careful mortise-and-tenon work, training the eye and hand for more complex patterns. This pattern is where many artisans begin their kumiko journey before advancing to Asa-no-ha, Sakura, and other decorative infill motifs.

Historical context

The kumiko grid (組子格子) is the structural foundation for all kumiko patterns. Thin strips of hinoki or other fine-grained wood are joined at half-lap or small mortise intersections to create a lattice that receives decorative infill. The grid alone appears in simple shoji and room dividers; more elaborate ranma panels build complex patterns on top of this base. Kumiko work flourished during the Edo period as interior architecture became increasingly refined.

Construction steps

  1. Rip thin strips to uniform width using a kumiko plane; typical thickness is 3–5 mm.
  2. Cut half-lap joints or small mortises at each grid intersection using a fine dozuki saw.
  3. Assemble the grid on a flat surface; check for squareness with a small engineer's square.
  4. Fit infill pieces into the grid if adding a decorative pattern on top.
  5. Install the completed panel in the shoji or ranma frame without glue.

Where to see this joint in Japan

  • Traditional shoji screens — Temples, inns, and machiya throughout Japan
  • Kumiko specialty studios — Fukui prefecture — Taniho Kogei and similar workshops

Variations

Grid density varies from coarse (for large panels) to fine (for ranma transoms). Some grids use through-mortises; others use half-laps only. The same grid supports Asa-no-ha, Sakura, Goma, Benten Kikko, and Shippo infill patterns.

Applications

  • Shoji screens
  • Room dividers
  • Decorative panels

Tools required

  • Kumiko plane
  • Fine dozuki saw
  • Square
  • Marking gauge

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